Antibody - Medical Glossary

Understanding Antibodies?

An antibody, also called an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a Y-shaped protein produced by white blood cells (B cells). It binds to specific foreign substances (antigens) like bacteria and viruses, marking them for destruction by the immune system. There are different types of antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, IgD), each with a unique role in protecting the body.

Symptoms and Signs of Antibody Deficiencies or Disorders?

When antibody levels are too low or dysfunctional, it can lead to frequent infections, slow healing, fatigue, and autoimmune disorders. Some conditions, like immunodeficiency disorders, may cause recurring colds, pneumonia, or sinus infections. On the other hand, overactive antibodies can contribute to allergic reactions or autoimmune diseases.

Causes and Risk Factors for Antibody-Related Conditions?

Antibody disorders can result from genetic conditions, chronic illnesses, certain medications, or infections. Autoimmune diseases, like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, occur when antibodies mistakenly attack healthy tissues. In contrast, immunodeficiency disorders, such as HIV or primary immune deficiencies, weaken the body's ability to produce effective antibodies.

Treatment Options for Antibody Deficiencies and Disorders?

Treatment depends on the condition. For weak immunity, immunoglobulin therapy or vaccines may help boost antibody levels. Autoimmune disorders may require medications like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants to control abnormal antibody activity. Lifestyle changes, including proper nutrition and hygiene, can also support immune health.

When to Seek Medical Help for Antibody-Related Issues?

Seek medical attention if you experience frequent infections, prolonged illness, or signs of an autoimmune disorder such as joint pain, unexplained swelling, or chronic fatigue. A doctor can perform blood tests to assess antibody levels and determine the appropriate treatment. If you have a severe allergic reaction, seek emergency care immediately.