Barium sulfate is a white, chalky substance that highlights the contours of the digestive tract. It helps detect abnormalities such as ulcers, tumors, narrowing, or blockages. There are several types of barium studies, including barium swallow, barium meal, and barium enema, each designed to examine different parts of the digestive system.
A doctor may recommend a barium study if you have symptoms like persistent abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, chronic diarrhea, or blood in the stool. These symptoms may indicate issues such as strictures, ulcers, tumors, or inflammatory conditions in the digestive tract.
Digestive issues requiring a barium study can be caused by infections, inflammation (like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), tumors, or structural abnormalities. Risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol use, chronic acid reflux, poor diet, and family history of digestive diseases.
A barium study is a relatively quick procedure with minimal discomfort. After the test, you may experience constipation or white-colored stools. Drinking plenty of fluids helps flush the barium from your system. Normal eating and activity can usually resume shortly after the procedure.
Seek medical help if you experience severe constipation, abdominal pain, vomiting, or any allergic reaction like difficulty breathing or rash. Although rare, complications like bowel obstruction or barium leakage can occur. Follow-up with your doctor to discuss results and next steps.