Bronchiectasis - Medical Glossary

Understanding Bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis occurs when the bronchi (airways in the lungs) become permanently widened, causing mucus to accumulate and increasing the risk of infections. It can develop due to chronic infections, immune system disorders, or conditions like cystic fibrosis. Over time, it can lead to progressive lung damage if left untreated.

Symptoms and Signs of Bronchiectasis?

Symptoms include a chronic cough with thick mucus (sputum), wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and frequent lung infections. In some cases, patients may experience coughing up blood (hemoptysis) and unintended weight loss.

Causes and Risk Factors for Bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis can result from repeated lung infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis), cystic fibrosis, immune deficiencies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and autoimmune diseases. Other risk factors include airway obstructions, exposure to harmful fumes, and smoking.

Treatment Options for Bronchiectasis?

Treatment focuses on clearing mucus, preventing infections, and improving lung function. Doctors may recommend airway clearance techniques, breathing exercises, bronchodilators, antibiotics for infections, and anti-inflammatory medications. Severe cases may require oxygen therapy or surgery.

When to Seek Medical Help for Bronchiectasis?

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent coughing with thick mucus, frequent lung infections, severe breathlessness, or coughing up blood. Early diagnosis and proper management can prevent further lung damage and improve quality of life.