Cachexia - Medical Glossary

Understanding Cachexia?

Cachexia is a complex metabolic disorder that leads to unintentional weight loss, muscle breakdown, and fatigue, even when food intake is adequate. It is commonly associated with chronic diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS, kidney failure, and advanced heart disease. Unlike general malnutrition, cachexia involves severe muscle loss due to changes in metabolism.

Symptoms and Signs of Cachexia?

Signs of cachexia include rapid weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, difficulty performing daily activities, and general body weakness. In advanced stages, patients may also experience swelling, anemia, and increased susceptibility to infections.

Causes and Risk Factors for Cachexia?

Cachexia occurs due to chronic illnesses that trigger inflammatory responses and metabolic imbalances, leading to rapid muscle and fat loss. Common causes include cancer, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and advanced infections like tuberculosis or HIV/AIDS.

Treatment Options for Cachexia?

Management focuses on nutritional support, physical therapy, and medication. Doctors may recommend high-calorie diets, protein supplements, appetite stimulants, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases, treating the underlying disease can help slow cachexia progression.

When to Seek Medical Help for Cachexia?

Seek medical advice if you experience unintentional weight loss, persistent fatigue, loss of muscle strength, or reduced appetite, especially if you have a chronic illness. Early medical intervention can help improve strength, prevent complications, and enhance quality of life