Cervical Screening - Medical Glossary

Understanding Cervical Screening?

The test is quick and usually done in a clinic. A healthcare provider collects cells from the cervix using a small brush. These cells are tested for changes or for the presence of high-risk HPV, which is known to cause most cases of cervical cancer. Early detection through screening significantly reduces the chances of developing advanced cervical disease.

Symptoms and Signs That May Require Cervical Screening?

While cervical screening is meant for early detection before symptoms appear, certain signs should not be ignored. These include unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after sex, pelvic pain, persistent discharge with an odor, and discomfort during intercourse. These symptoms don't always indicate cancer but do warrant a medical check-up and possible screening.

Causes and Risk Factors That Make Screening Important?

The primary cause of cervical cancer is a long-term infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Other risk factors include early sexual activity, multiple partners, smoking, a weakened immune system, and a family history of cervical cancer. Screening helps identify changes early, especially in those with these risk factors.

Treatment Options After Abnormal Cervical Screening Results?

If screening results show abnormal cells or HPV infection, follow-up tests like a colposcopy may be recommended. Minor cell changes may resolve on their own, while moderate to severe changes may require treatment such as cryotherapy, laser therapy, or minor surgery to remove the abnormal tissue and prevent cancer.

When to Seek Medical Help for Cervical Screening?

Women aged 25 to 65 should undergo regular cervical screening as advised by their doctor—typically every 3 to 5 years. Seek medical advice if you experience symptoms like bleeding between periods, pain during sex, or an unusual discharge. Regular screening can detect problems early, even before symptoms develop.