Cholesterol - Medical Glossary

Understanding Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance naturally produced by the liver and also absorbed from certain foods. It is necessary for the formation of cell membranes, vitamin D, and hormones. There are two main types: LDL (low-density lipoprotein), which can clog arteries, and HDL (high-density lipoprotein), which helps remove excess cholesterol from the body. The balance between these determines your risk for cardiovascular issues.

Symptoms and Signs of High Cholesterol?

High cholesterol typically doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms, which is why it’s often referred to as a “silent” condition. Over time, excess cholesterol can build up in arteries, leading to atherosclerosis. In severe cases, this may result in chest pain, heart attack, or stroke. In rare instances, physical signs like xanthomas (fatty deposits under the skin) may appear, especially in individuals with genetic disorders.

Causes and Risk Factors for High Cholesterol?

Cholesterol levels can be influenced by genetics, diet, lifestyle, and medical conditions. A diet high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol contributes to elevated levels. Lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, and excessive alcohol intake are also major contributors. Some people inherit familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic condition that causes dangerously high cholesterol levels even with a healthy lifestyle.

Treatment Options for High Cholesterol?

Managing cholesterol often begins with lifestyle changes such as a heart-healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight control, and quitting smoking. If lifestyle adjustments are not enough, doctors may prescribe statins or other lipid-lowering medications. Regular cholesterol screenings help monitor progress. Supplements like omega-3 fatty acids or plant sterols may also support treatment under medical supervision.

When to Seek Medical Help for Cholesterol Concerns?

You should consult a doctor if your cholesterol levels are elevated or if you have a family history of heart disease or stroke. Routine blood tests are recommended for adults every four to six years, or more frequently if risk factors are present. Seek immediate care if you experience symptoms of heart trouble like chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness.