Chorioamnionitis - Medical Glossary

Understanding Chorioamnionitis?

Chorioamnionitis occurs when harmful bacteria infect the amniotic fluid and the fetal membranes. It's more likely to develop during prolonged labor, after premature rupture of membranes, or with multiple vaginal examinations. The infection triggers inflammation and can lead to uterine tenderness, fever, and an increased heart rate in both mother and baby. It’s considered an obstetric emergency that often requires immediate delivery.

Symptoms and Signs of Chorioamnionitis?

Common symptoms include maternal fever, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, uterine tenderness, and an elevated heart rate. The fetus may also exhibit a faster-than-normal heart rate, detectable through monitoring. Other signs can include chills, sweating, and general feelings of being unwell. If left untreated, the infection can spread, leading to sepsis or long-term complications for the newborn, including respiratory distress or brain injury.

Causes and Risk Factors for Chorioamnionitis?

This infection is usually caused by bacteria such as E. coli, group B streptococcus, or anaerobic organisms. Risk factors include prolonged labor, premature rupture of membranes, multiple internal examinations, and poor hygiene. Young maternal age, smoking, and pre-existing infections in the genital tract also increase risk. Prevention involves good prenatal care and limiting invasive procedures during labor when possible.

Treatment Options for Chorioamnionitis?

Treatment typically involves intravenous (IV) antibiotics to control the infection and prevent it from spreading. In most cases, delivery of the baby is necessary once the diagnosis is made to protect both mother and child. After delivery, additional antibiotics may be given to the mother, and the newborn may be treated as a precaution. In severe cases, intensive care support may be required.

When to Seek Medical Help for Chorioamnionitis?

Pregnant women should seek immediate medical attention if they experience fever, unusual discharge, or uterine tenderness, especially after their water has broken. Early diagnosis can prevent severe outcomes. If you're at high risk, regular prenatal check-ups are essential. Medical help is also critical if the baby shows signs of distress or if labor is not progressing normally.