Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

CABG, or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, is a surgical procedure used to treat blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. During the surgery, a blood vessel from another part of the body is grafted to bypass the blocked artery, improving blood flow to the heart. It is often recommended when lifestyle changes and medications fail to manage coronary artery disease effectively.

Understanding the CABG Procedure and Its Purpose?

CABG is performed under general anesthesia and may involve one or more bypasses, depending on the number of blocked arteries. It aims to restore adequate blood flow to heart muscles, reducing chest pain (angina), improving physical function, and lowering the risk of heart attack. The grafts are usually taken from the leg (saphenous vein), chest (internal mammary artery), or arm.

Symptoms and Conditions Leading to CABG?

CABG is typically advised for patients with severe coronary artery disease, especially when arteries are more than 70% blocked. Common symptoms include chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and reduced exercise tolerance. Those who do not respond well to medications or have multiple blocked arteries are often candidates for this procedure.

Causes and Risk Factors for Needing CABG?

Risk factors for coronary artery disease, which may necessitate CABG, include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history. Over time, fatty deposits build up in the arteries, restricting blood flow and making surgical intervention necessary in advanced cases.

Recovery and Management After CABG?

Recovery from CABG usually requires a hospital stay of about a week, followed by several weeks of home rest and cardiac rehabilitation. Patients are advised to follow a heart-healthy lifestyle—balanced diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking. Medications may be prescribed to manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent clot formation.

When to Seek Medical Help Post-CABG?

Post-surgery, seek immediate help for symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, wound infection, fever, or unusual fatigue. Follow-up care is essential to monitor heart function and prevent future complications. Long-term success depends on both surgical results and commitment to healthy lifestyle changes.