Delirium is often triggered by underlying medical conditions such as infections, medication side effects, dehydration, or surgery. It affects how the brain processes information, leading to confusion, hallucinations, and poor attention. Recognizing delirium early is crucial because it may indicate a serious medical issue requiring urgent care.
Common signs of delirium include sudden confusion, inability to focus, disorientation, hallucinations, and agitation. Patients may appear drowsy, have memory problems, or exhibit emotional changes. Unlike dementia, delirium has a rapid onset and can fluctuate in severity throughout the day.
Delirium can result from infections, medication interactions, withdrawal from substances, electrolyte imbalances, head injuries, or chronic diseases. Risk factors include advanced age, pre-existing cognitive impairment, severe illness, surgery, and hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU).
Treatment focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying cause. This may involve stopping problematic medications, treating infections, or correcting metabolic imbalances. Supportive care, including a calm environment and regular orientation, helps recovery. Most cases resolve once the cause is treated, but some may need ongoing care.
Seek immediate medical attention if someone becomes suddenly confused, disoriented, or agitated. These could be signs of a serious underlying condition like infection, stroke, or medication reaction. Early recognition and treatment can prevent complications and improve recovery.