Facet Joints - Medical Glossary

Facet Joints

Facet joints are small stabilizing joints located between and behind each vertebra in the spine. They help guide and limit spinal motion, allowing for controlled movement such as bending and twisting. These joints are essential for spinal flexibility and stability, but they can become inflamed or damaged with age or injury.

Role and Anatomy of Facet Joints?

Facet joints connect vertebrae and help the spine move smoothly while maintaining alignment. They are lined with cartilage and surrounded by a capsule of fluid that enables friction-free movement. Located on both sides of the vertebra, they play a crucial role in weight-bearing and load distribution in the back.

What Causes Facet Joint Problems??

Facet joint issues often arise from arthritis, spinal degeneration, repetitive stress, trauma, or poor posture. Over time, wear and tear can lead to inflammation, cartilage breakdown, and joint enlargement. This can cause pain, stiffness, and limited motion, especially in the lower back and neck areas.

Symptoms of Facet Joint Dysfunction?

Common symptoms include localized back or neck pain, stiffness after periods of rest, and discomfort that worsens with twisting or bending. In some cases, the pain may radiate to the shoulders, buttocks, or thighs. Facet joint pain often mimics other spine conditions, making proper diagnosis important.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options?

Doctors may use physical exams, imaging (like X-rays or MRIs), and diagnostic injections to confirm facet joint pain. Treatment may include physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, chiropractic care, or facet joint injections. In chronic cases, radiofrequency ablation or minimally invasive surgery may be recommended.

When to See a Doctor for Facet Joint Pain?

If you experience ongoing back or neck pain, limited mobility, or discomfort that interferes with daily activities, seek medical attention. Early diagnosis can help manage symptoms and prevent worsening joint damage. Timely intervention often leads to better outcomes and long-term relief from facet joint-related pain.