Fever - Medical Glossary

Fever

Fever is a temporary increase in body temperature, often due to infection or inflammation. It’s a natural response of the immune system to fight off pathogens. While mild fever is generally harmless, very high or persistent fevers may signal a more serious underlying condition that needs medical attention.

Understanding Fever and Its Causes?

A fever occurs when the body's thermostat (hypothalamus) raises the temperature in response to infection, inflammation, or illness. Common causes include viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, medications, or heat exhaustion. The elevated temperature helps the body fight pathogens but can cause discomfort and dehydration.

Symptoms and Signs of Fever?

Common signs of fever include a flushed face, sweating, chills, muscle aches, headache, and weakness. Children may also be irritable or drowsy. If a fever is very high (over 103°F or 39.4°C) or lasts more than a few days, it may indicate a more serious infection or medical condition.

Causes and Risk Factors for Fever?

Infections (like the flu, pneumonia, or COVID-19) are the most common causes of fever. Other causes include heatstroke, certain medications, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Infants, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to complications from fever.

Treatment Options for Fever?

Treatment may include over-the-counter medications (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) to lower temperature and ease discomfort. Staying hydrated and resting are crucial. In cases of high fever or persistent symptoms, medical evaluation is recommended to identify the underlying cause and determine appropriate treatment.

When to Seek Medical Help for Fever?

Seek immediate medical help if a fever exceeds 103°F (39.4°C), lasts more than three days, or is accompanied by severe symptoms like confusion, difficulty breathing, chest pain, persistent vomiting, or seizures. Infants under three months with a fever should be seen by a doctor right away.