Flu - Medical Glossary

Flu

Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes, causing fever, cough, body aches, and fatigue. While most people recover on their own, the flu can lead to severe complications, especially in high-risk groups like young children, the elderly, and those with chronic health conditions.

Understanding Flu and Its Causes?

Flu is caused by different strains of influenza viruses, which infect the nose, throat, and lungs. The viruses spread via respiratory droplets and can survive on surfaces. Seasonal flu outbreaks occur annually, with peaks in winter. Vaccination, hygiene practices, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals help prevent flu transmission.

Symptoms and Signs of Flu?

Flu symptoms usually appear suddenly and include high fever, chills, cough, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, fatigue, and headache. Some people may experience gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and diarrhea, though these are more common in children. Severe cases may lead to pneumonia, especially in vulnerable populations.

Causes and Risk Factors for Flu?

The flu is primarily caused by influenza A and B viruses, which change over time, leading to seasonal epidemics. Risk factors include age (young children, elderly), chronic illnesses (asthma, diabetes), pregnancy, and weakened immunity. Crowded settings, healthcare work, and unvaccinated status increase the risk of infection.

Treatment Options for Flu?

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting recovery. Antiviral medications may be prescribed within 48 hours of symptom onset. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter fever reducers (like acetaminophen) can help. Severe cases may require hospitalization for complications like pneumonia or respiratory distress.

When to Seek Medical Help for Flu?

Seek prompt medical attention if you experience difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, high fever that doesn’t subside, severe weakness, confusion, or dehydration. Children and the elderly with worsening symptoms should be evaluated. Antiviral treatment is most effective if started early during infection.