Haemolysis

Understanding Haemolysis?

Red blood cells typically live around 120 days. In haemolysis, they break down prematurely, releasing hemoglobin into the blood. This can be due to immune reactions, infections, inherited disorders, or mechanical damage.

Symptoms and Signs of Haemolysis?

• Fatigue and weakness
• Pale or yellowish skin (jaundice)
• Dark-colored urine
• Shortness of breath
• Rapid heartbeat or dizziness

Causes and Risk Factors of Haemolysis?

• Autoimmune diseases (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia)
• Infections (e.g., malaria)
• Certain medications or toxins
• Inherited conditions (e.g., sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, G6PD deficiency)
• Mechanical causes like artificial heart valves or burns

Treatment Options for Haemolysis?

• Treating the underlying cause (e.g., stopping a drug or treating an infection)
• Blood transfusions for severe anemia
• Medications to suppress the immune system (like corticosteroids)
• Folic acid supplements to support red blood cell production
• In some cases, removal of the spleen (splenectomy)

When to Seek Medical Help for Haemolysis?

• Sudden or severe fatigue, pallor, or jaundice
• Dark urine or signs of dehydration
• Persistent or worsening symptoms despite treatment
• Family history of inherited blood disorders
• Symptoms after starting a new medication or exposure to toxins