Heartburn

Causes of Heartburn?

Heartburn occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Common triggers include:

• Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods – Citrus, tomatoes, chocolate, and fried foods
• Overeating or lying down after meals – Increases pressure on the stomach
• Caffeine and alcohol consumption – Weakens the LES
• Smoking – Reduces esophageal muscle function
• Obesity and pregnancy – Puts pressure on the stomach

Symptoms of Heartburn?

Heartburn symptoms can vary but often include:

• Burning pain in the chest, especially after eating
• Sour or bitter taste in the mouth
• Difficulty swallowing or a lump-like sensation in the throat
• Coughing, hoarseness, or throat irritation
• Worsening discomfort when lying down or bending over

How to Get Relief from Heartburn?

Effective remedies for heartburn include:

• Over-the-counter antacids – Neutralize stomach acid (e.g., calcium carbonate)
• H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – Reduce acid production
• Lifestyle changes – Eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, and maintaining a healthy weight
• Elevating the head while sleeping – Prevents acid reflux during the night

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Frequent heartburn (more than twice a week)
• Difficulty swallowing or persistent nausea
• Chest pain that mimics a heart attack
• Unexplained weight loss or vomiting blood

Chronic heartburn may indicate GERD, which requires medical management to prevent complications like esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus.