Immunoglobulin - Medical Glossary

Understanding Immunoglobulin?

Immunoglobulins are classified into five main types—IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, and IgD—each serving different functions. They circulate in the blood and bodily fluids, targeting pathogens. These antibodies form part of the adaptive immune system and are also used therapeutically to treat immune deficiencies and autoimmune conditions.

Symptoms and Signs of Immunoglobulin Deficiency?

Deficiency in immunoglobulins can lead to recurrent infections, particularly in the ears, sinuses, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Individuals may also experience fatigue, poor wound healing, or delayed recovery from common illnesses. Chronic diarrhea or unexplained fevers can also be signs of an immune deficiency.

Causes and Risk Factors for Immunoglobulin Disorders?

Immunoglobulin disorders may result from genetic conditions, such as primary immunodeficiencies, or from diseases like leukemia, HIV, or chronic infections. Aging, cancer treatments, and some medications can also reduce immunoglobulin levels. Those with a family history of immune disorders are at greater risk

Treatment Options for Immunoglobulin Conditions?

Treatment may include immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG or SCIG) to boost immune function in deficient individuals. Managing underlying conditions, vaccinations, and infection prevention strategies are also critical. In autoimmune disorders, immunoglobulins may be used to modulate abnormal immune responses.

When to Seek Medical Help for Immunoglobulin Issues?

Consult a doctor if you experience frequent infections, slow recovery, or symptoms suggesting immune deficiency. Diagnostic tests like serum immunoglobulin levels or electrophoresis may be recommended. Timely evaluation and treatment are essential to prevent complications and maintain immune health.