Intravenous - Medical Glossary

Understanding Intravenous Therapy and Its Uses?

Intravenous therapy is used for various medical purposes, including :

Hydration – Restoring fluids in cases of dehydration, vomiting, or diarrhea
Medication delivery – Administering antibiotics, pain relievers, chemotherapy, or anesthesia
Nutrient supplementation – Providing essential vitamins, minerals, and glucose in patients unable to eat or absorb nutrients properly
Blood transfusions – Delivering blood or plasma to treat anemia or blood loss
Emergency care – Rapid drug administration for life-threatening conditions like heart attacks or severe infections

Types of Intravenous Administration?

There are different types of IV therapy based on the treatment duration and purpose :

Peripheral IV line – A short-term IV inserted into a vein in the hand or arm for fluids and medications
Central venous catheter (CVC) – A long-term IV placed in a large vein near the heart for chemotherapy, dialysis, or extended treatments
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line) – A mid-term option used for prolonged antibiotic therapy or nutrition
IV push (bolus) – A quick injection of medication into an IV line for immediate effect
IV infusion (drip) – A continuous flow of fluids or medications over a period of time

Procedure for Intravenous Therapy?

The IV procedure involves several steps to ensure safe and effective administration:

Vein selection – A suitable vein is identified, usually in the arm or hand
Needle insertion – A sterile needle is inserted into the vein, and a catheter is placed
IV connection – The catheter is connected to an IV bag or syringe with the prescribed fluid or medication
Monitoring – The patient’s response and IV site are checked for any reactions or complications
Removal – The IV is removed once the treatment is complete, and a bandage is applied

Risks and Complications of Intravenous Therapy?

Although IV therapy is generally safe, potential risks include:

Infection – Bacterial entry at the IV site, leading to localized or systemic infections
Phlebitis – Inflammation of the vein, causing redness, swelling, and discomfort
Infiltration – Leakage of IV fluids into surrounding tissues, leading to swelling and pain
Air embolism – A rare but serious condition where air enters the bloodstream, potentially causing complications
Allergic reactions – Some medications may trigger severe allergic responses requiring immediate medical attention

When to Seek Medical Help?

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

Severe pain, redness, or swelling at the IV site
Fever or chills indicating infection
Shortness of breath or dizziness suggesting an air embolism
Unusual reactions to IV medications

Intravenous therapy plays a crucial role in modern medicine, providing fast and effective treatment for various health conditions. Proper monitoring and technique ensure its safety and effectiveness.