Ketones - Medical Glossary

Understanding Ketones?

Ketones are energy molecules made in the liver during periods of low carbohydrate intake or prolonged fasting. The body uses ketones as an alternative fuel source when glucose is scarce. Ketone levels can be measured in the blood, urine, or breath and are significant in managing diabetes.

Symptoms and Signs of Ketone Buildup?

Elevated ketone levels may cause symptoms like fruity-smelling breath, excessive thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, and frequent urination. In more severe cases, people may experience nausea, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, or confusion. These signs may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a medical emergency.

Causes and Risk Factors for Ketones?

Common causes of increased ketones include poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, prolonged fasting, intense exercise, low-carb ketogenic diets, and alcohol abuse. Insulin deficiency and dehydration are key risk factors that may trigger excess ketone production, especially in diabetic individuals.

Treatment Options for Ketone Imbalance?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For mild elevations, hydration and carbohydrate intake may help. In diabetic patients, insulin adjustment is crucial. In severe cases like DKA, hospitalization, IV fluids, and insulin therapy are necessary to stabilize ketone levels and blood sugar.

When to Seek Medical Help for Ketones?

Consult a doctor if you notice signs of high ketones, especially in the context of diabetes. Urgent medical attention is necessary if there’s nausea, vomiting, confusion, or rapid breathing. Monitoring ketone levels regularly can help prevent complications in high-risk individuals.