Lactase - Medical Glossary

Function of Lactase in the Body?

Lactase plays a key role in carbohydrate digestion by splitting lactose into simpler sugars—glucose and galactose. These sugars are then absorbed into the bloodstream for energy. Lactase is most active during infancy but may decline with age, especially in certain populations, leading to lactose intolerance.

Symptoms of Lactase Deficiency?

When lactase levels are low, consuming dairy can lead to bloating, gas, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. These symptoms usually occur 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating lactose-containing foods. The severity varies based on the amount of lactose consumed and the individual's enzyme activity.

Causes and Risk Factors for Lactase Deficiency?

Primary lactase deficiency is genetic and more common in adults of Asian, African, or Native American descent. Secondary deficiency can result from intestinal infections, celiac disease, or other gastrointestinal disorders. Premature babies may also temporarily lack sufficient lactase activity.

Managing Lactase Deficiency and Lactose Intolerance?

Management includes reducing or avoiding lactose-containing foods, using lactase enzyme supplements, and choosing lactose-free dairy alternatives. Some individuals can tolerate small amounts of dairy, especially when consumed with other foods. Reading food labels helps identify hidden sources of lactose.

When to Consult a Doctor for Lactase Issues?

If you frequently experience digestive discomfort after consuming dairy, speak with a healthcare provider. They may recommend a hydrogen breath test or elimination diet to confirm lactose intolerance. Professional guidance helps prevent nutritional deficiencies and ensures proper dietary planning.