Causes and Risk Factors of Macrosomia?

Several factors can contribute to fetal macrosomia, including:

• Maternal diabetes – High blood sugar levels promote excessive fetal growth
• Genetics – Family history of large babies increases the likelihood
• Excessive maternal weight gain – Overnutrition during pregnancy can lead to a larger baby
• Prolonged pregnancy – Babies born after 40 weeks are more likely to be larger
• Previous macrosomic baby – A history of large newborns raises the risk

Complications Associated with Macrosomia?

A large baby can lead to complications during childbirth, including:

• Difficult vaginal delivery (shoulder dystocia) – The baby’s shoulders may get stuck in the birth canal
• Birth injuries – Risk of fractures, nerve damage, or oxygen deprivation
• Increased cesarean section (C-section) likelihood – To prevent delivery complications
• Postpartum bleeding – Due to excessive uterine stretching
• Newborn health risks – Babies may have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or breathing difficulties after birth

Diagnosis and Management of Macrosomia?

Doctors use ultrasound, fundal height measurements, and fetal weight estimates to assess the risk of macrosomia. Management strategies include:

• Monitoring maternal blood sugar – Especially in diabetic mothers
• Balanced diet and weight control – Preventing excessive fetal growth
• Planned delivery options – A C-section may be recommended if vaginal delivery poses risks
• Postnatal care – Monitoring the baby’s blood sugar and overall health after birth

When to Seek Medical Advice?

If you have risk factors for macrosomia, regular prenatal checkups are essential to ensure a safe delivery. Discuss any concerns with your doctor, especially if you have diabetes or a history of large babies.