Macular Degeneration - Medical Glossary

Understanding Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration typically comes in two forms: dry (more common and gradual) and wet (less common but more severe). It affects the macula, which is responsible for sharp, central vision. Over time, this condition can lead to partial or total central vision loss, but peripheral vision usually remains unaffected.

Symptoms and Signs of Macular Degeneration?

Early signs include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty recognizing faces, and trouble reading or seeing in low light. A dark or empty area in the center of vision may appear in advanced stages. Symptoms usually develop gradually and may affect one or both eyes.

Causes and Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration?

Age is the most significant risk factor, particularly in those over 60. Genetics, smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, and prolonged sun exposure may also increase risk. Poor diet and lack of antioxidants can further contribute to macular deterioration.

Treatment Options for Macular Degeneration?

While there's no cure, treatment focuses on slowing progression. Dry type is managed with nutritional supplements (AREDS formula), while the wet type may require anti-VEGF injections to prevent abnormal blood vessel growth. Regular monitoring and lifestyle changes support long-term vision preservation.

When to Seek Medical Help for Macular Degeneration?

See an eye specialist if you notice changes in central vision, distortion of straight lines, or difficulty reading. Early detection through eye exams is crucial to managing the disease effectively and preventing severe vision loss.